Growth of Mono- and Sub monolayer with E-Beam Evaporation

Focus-EFM series is well known for its solid performance with highly refractory and conductive materials like Carbon, Tungsten or metal carbides, to be evaporated from rods. On the other hand, also non-conductive materials like oxide refractories are well-suited and even low-melting salts of sodium, bromide or CaF can perfectly be evaporated from crucibles using electron beam heating.

The unique cooling and high precision electronic concept of the EFM-series, giving access to stable evaporation temperatures down to 100°C, in combination with flux monitoring and flux control, allows for perfect pure mono- and sub-monolayer growth also of delicate materials. Non-conductive mono-atomic layers, for example, are relevant to decouple functional materials from the substrate.

1) Sub-monolayer of CaF₁ on Si (111);  Data acquired by P. Rahe, P. Moriarty, University of Nottingham; Click here for the scientific publications: doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.97.125418

Atomic resolution of 2) NaBr (100) on Ag (111); Click here for the scientific publications: doi.org/10.1002/chem.202403857 and …

3) NaCl Courtesy of K. Morgenstern, R.U.B; adopted from Heidorn et al, J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 16095 and Bera et al. Chem. Eur. J. 2025, 31, e20240385; Click here for the scientific publications: doi.org/10.1021/jp405297h