Lock-in modules
High-performance digital lock-in amplifiers
The lock-in modules let you modulate and demodulate any of the input and output signals available in the Nanonis SPM controller with frequencies up to 40 kHz. Up to 8 lock-in modules can be used independently from each other or synchronized in a phase coherent manner when the generation of multiple frequencies is required. With the multi-frequency option a single module can demodulate up to 8 harmonics of the same signal or independent input signals. The advantage of an internal lock-in detector over an external device is
- Higher resolution and dynamic range
- Multifrequency and multi-input operation
- Over 120 dB linearity
- Over 100 dB dynamic reserve
- No need for gain and attenuation switching
- Steeper filters (up to 8. order)
- Up to 8 lock-ins, which can also be synchronized for phase-coherent operation
- Lock-in can be synchronized with OC4. Measure STM current at the exact oscillation frequency of the probe
- Synchronization with data acquisition when using Sync filtering
- Integration avoids errors due to insufficient settling time with slow filter responses
- no additional noise source through external cabling
- no potential grounding problems
- Tandem-demodulation is straightforward to configure
- flexible and simple setup
- Guided filter set-up utility
- Ability to turn on and off the excitation through software during the experiment
- Ability to turn on and off the excitation for different bias ranges through software during the experiment
Applications range from regular dI/dV, CITS, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS), transport experiments, Hall measurements, multi-frequency and multi-demodulator measurements of open and closed loop transfer functions and every type of phase sensitive measurements.
KEY FEATURES
- Modulates any signal up to 40kHz
- Demodulates any signal up to 100 kHz (R, phi and X, Y)
- Up to 8 independent modules, synchronizable
- Lock-in Modules can be synchronized to OC4 for acquiring signals at the oscillation frequency
- Advanced signal filtering
- Record transfer functions (bode plots)
- Tandem-demodulation possible
Lock-in packages
Type | Designation | Part number | Number of frequency generators | Number of dual-phase demodulators |
Single lock-in | LD5-1 | 2100002230 | 1 | 2 |
Dual lock-in | LD5-2 | 2100005467 | 2 | 4 |
Quad lock-in | LD5-4 | 2100005852 | 4 | 8 |
Octa lock-in | LD5-8 | 2100005853 | 8 | 8 |
Multi-demodulator option for LD5-1 and LD5-2 | LD5-MF | 2100005854 | Same as LD5-1 or LD5-2 | 8 |
Lock-in upgrade packages
Type | Designation | Part number | Number of frequency generators | Number of dual-phase demodulators |
Upgrade from LD5-1 to LD5-2 | LD5UG1-2 | 2100005855 | 1 → 2 | 2 → 4 |
Upgrade from LD5-1 to LD5-4 | LD5UG1-4 | 2100005856 | 1 → 4 | 2 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-1 to LD5-8 | LD5UG1-8 | 2100005857 | 1 → 8 | 2 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-2 to LD5-4 | LD5UG2-4 | 2100005858 | 2 → 4 | 4 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-2 to LD5-8 | LD5UG2-8 | 2100005859 | 2 → 8 | 4 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-4 to LD5-8 | LD5UG4-8 | 2100005860 | 4 → 8 | 8 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-1 with LD5-MF option to LD5-2MF | LD5UG1MF-2MF | 2100005861 | 1 → 2 | 8 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-1 with LD5-MF option to LD5-4 (includes LD5-MF option) | LD5UG1MF-4 | 2100005862 | 1 → 4 | 8 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-1 with LD5-MF option to LD5-8 (includes LD5-MF option) | LD5UG1MF-8 | 2100005863 | 1 → 8 | 8 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-2 with LD5-MF option to LD5-4 (includes LD5-MF option) | LD5UG2MF-4 | 2100005864 | 2 → 4 | 8 → 8 |
Upgrade from LD5-2 with LD5-MF option to LD5-4 (includes LD5-MF option) | LD5UG2MF-8 | 2100005865 | 2 → 8 | 8 → 8 |
SPECIFICATIONS
Number of Frequency generators | 1, 2, 4 or 8 |
Number of Demodulators | 1, 2, 4 or 8 dual-phase demodulators assignable to any carrier |
Modulation Frequency Range | 100 mHz - 40 kHz |
Demodulation Frequency Range | 100 mHz - 100 kHz |
Frequency Resolution | 10 nHz |
Phase Resolution | 22 fRad |
Demodulator Harmonic | 1 - 32 |
Demodulator Filter Cut-Off Frequency | 100 mHz - 20 kHz (corresponds to time constants between 18 s and 8 μs) |
Demodulator Filter Slope | 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48 dB/oct |
Demodulator Output Resolution | 32-bit |
Demodulator Output Data Rate | 1 MS/s |
Sync Filter Frequency Range | 100 mHz - 40 kHz |
Linearity | 120 dB |
Dynamic Reserve | >100 dB |
Reference | Any internal frequency generator or OC4 |
Demodulator Settings | Independent for each demodulator |